CRAVE Trial 2021 (Coffee Intake)

 The CRAVE trial found that coffee drinking increased PVCs and decreased sleep but decreased atrial arrhythmias and boosted physical activity. "These findings add to the emerging evidence that those with supraventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation should not avoid coffee," researchers said. 


The research, conducted by Gregory M. Marcus, MD, MA, FACC, included 100 non-Hispanic White people with a median age of 38. Each participant wore an ECG monitor, a diabetes monitor, and a Fitbit. Researchers utilized a smartphone app to collect geolocation data and genotyped participants' DNA for coffee metabolism-related SNPs. Participants were randomly assigned to drink or avoid coffee for 14 days, with daily SMS reminders. 


Overall, coffee intake was related with a 54% increase in PVCs, 36 minutes less sleep per night, and 1,058 more Fitbit-based steps per day. Each extra cup of coffee was linked to 3% more daily premature atrial contractions and 18 minutes less sleep. No significant changes in glucose levels or atrial arrhythmias were found. Faster caffeine metabolizers had higher PVCs, whereas slower caffeine metabolizers had the largest influence on sleep. 


Marcus explains the physiologic consequences of coffee. He stated that coffee abstinence may help people prone to PVCs or ventricular arrhythmias, but that genetic variances impact risk. While coffee drinking increased total physical activity, he added, "this must be considered against the hazards associated with lower sleep."

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